ABSTRACT OF HAWKEYE::
In the 1970s, the world hockey champions had a coach who inspired them by insisting that they start every match, by imagining they were 0-3 down. “A goal for your weaknesses, another for your opponent’s strengths and a third for umpiring errors.” In the past few decades, skepticism about umpiring follies hasn’t abated. In the world of sports, where stakes are increasing by every passing minute and an erroneous line-call can mean change of fortunes, there is an increasing reliance on technology to ensure that all arbitrations are unbiased. The component of human error in making judgments of crucial decisions often turns out to be decisive. It is not uncommon to see matches turning from being interesting to being one sided due to a couple of bad umpiring decisions. There is thus a need to bring in technology to try and minimize the chances of human error in such decision making.
Teams across the world are becoming more and more professional with the way they play the game. Teams now have official strategists and technical support staff which help players to study their past games and improve. Devising strategies against opponent teams or specific players is also very common in modern day sports. All this has become possible due to the advent of technology. Technological developments have been harnessed to collect various data very precisely and use it for various purposes.
The HawkEye is one such technology which is considered to be really top notch in sports. The basic idea is to monitor the trajectory of the ball during the entire duration of play. This data is then processed to produce life like visualizations showing the paths which the ball took. Such data has been used for various purposes, popular uses including the LBW decision making software and colorful wagon wheels showing various statistics. The HAWKEYE is one of the most commonly used technologies in the game of cricket today. It has been put to a variety of uses, such as providing a way to collect interesting statistics, generate very suggestive visual representations of the game play and even helping viewers to better understand the umpiring decisions, especially in the case of LBWs.
Why Hawk-Eye?
Hawk-Eye is the most sophisticated officiating tool used in any sport. It is accurate, reliable and practical: fans now expect and demand it to be a part of every event. Hawk-Eye first made its name in Cricket broadcasting, yet the brand has diversified into Tennis, Snooker and Coaching. Hawk-Eye is currently developing a system for Football. In Tennis the technology is an integral part of the ATP, WTA and ITF tennis tours, featuring at the Masters Cup in Shanghai, the US Open, and the Australian Open etc. Hawk-Eye is the only ball-tracking device to have passed stringent ITF testing measures. Hawk-Eye offers a unique blend of innovation, experience and accuracy that has revolutionized the sporting world. The system is the most technologically advanced cricket coaching system in the world. It will provide valuable information to players, coaches and umpires to enable them to identify faults, measure performance and improvement, focus on specific areas, improve tactical awareness and provide a level of realism never before achieved in a net environment.
Hawk eye technology since from its beginning has gained huge popularity due to its highly innovative and state of the art features. Though initially it was made for the benefit of umpires regarding decisions in cricket but now it is being used in tennis, snooker, video games and also for enhancing military strength. While the system provides for things which we see every day on television, there is very impressive technology going into it, which many of us are oblivious to.
All Hawk-Eye systems are based on the principles of triangulation using the visual images and timing data provided by at least four high-speed video cameras located at different locations and angles around the area of play. The system rapidly processes the video feeds by a high-speed video processor and ball tracker. A data store contains a predefined model of the playing area and includes data on the rules of the game. In each frame sent from each camera, the system identifies the group of pixels which corresponds to the image of the ball. It then calculates for each frame the 3D position of the ball by comparing its position on at least two of the physically separate cameras at the same instant in time. A succession of frames builds up a record of the path along which the ball has travelled. It also "predicts" the future flight path of the ball and where it will interact with any of the playing area features already programmed into the database. The system can also interpret these interactions to decide infringements of the rules of the game. The system generates a graphic image of the ball path and playing area, which means that information can be provided to judges, television viewers or coaching staff in near real time
A hawk Eye system is based on the principle of 'triangulation' in geometry. Triangulation is the process of determining the location of a point by measuring angles to it from known points at either end of a fixed base line. Triangulation is the process of finding coordinates and distance to a point by calculating the length of one side of a triangle, given measurements of angles and sides of the triangle formed by that point and two other known reference points, using the law of sin.
Therefore
The coordinates and distance to a point can be found by calculating the length of one side of a triangle, given measurements of angles and sides of the triangle formed by that point and two other known reference points. The formulas can be applied in flat or Euclidean geometry.
Step-by-step details of the HAWKEYE system:
In this section, we go into the technical details of the steps involved in the HAWKEYE system. The process, as done before, can be broken down into the following steps (we will mainly concentrate on working of Hack-Eye in a cricket field);
Typically, for a cricket field, 6 cameras are used. These cameras are placed around the field at roughly the places as indicated in the diagram below:
Hawk eye technology since from its beginning has gained huge popularity due to its highly innovative and state of the art features. Though initially it was made for the benefit of umpires regarding decisions in cricket but now it is being used in tennis, snooker, video games and also for enhancing military strength. While the system provides for things which we see every day on television, there is very impressive technology going into it, which many of us are oblivious to.
All Hawk-Eye systems are based on the principles of triangulation using the visual images and timing data provided by at least four high-speed video cameras located at different locations and angles around the area of play. The system rapidly processes the video feeds by a high-speed video processor and ball tracker. A data store contains a predefined model of the playing area and includes data on the rules of the game. In each frame sent from each camera, the system identifies the group of pixels which corresponds to the image of the ball. It then calculates for each frame the 3D position of the ball by comparing its position on at least two of the physically separate cameras at the same instant in time. A succession of frames builds up a record of the path along which the ball has travelled. It also "predicts" the future flight path of the ball and where it will interact with any of the playing area features already programmed into the database. The system can also interpret these interactions to decide infringements of the rules of the game. The system generates a graphic image of the ball path and playing area, which means that information can be provided to judges, television viewers or coaching staff in near real time
Principle of hawk eye:
Therefore
The coordinates and distance to a point can be found by calculating the length of one side of a triangle, given measurements of angles and sides of the triangle formed by that point and two other known reference points. The formulas can be applied in flat or Euclidean geometry.
Step-by-step details of the HAWKEYE system:
In this section, we go into the technical details of the steps involved in the HAWKEYE system. The process, as done before, can be broken down into the following steps (we will mainly concentrate on working of Hack-Eye in a cricket field);
1. The cameras:
Fig: The position of cameras around the field
As one can see, the 6 cameras in use are positioned at roughly sixty degree from each other. They are placed high in the stands, so that there is lesser chance of their view being blocked by the fielders. There are two cameras, one each looking at the wickets directly in sideways fashion. These 6 cameras are calibrated according to the distance they are at from the pitch. In order to get good accuracy, one needs to restrict the view of each camera to a smaller region. This means each camera image would show a more prominent picture of the ball and hence the ball will be located more accurately. However, we also need to keep in mind that the whole field of play has to be covered by just the 6 cameras which are available. This puts some limitation on how restricted the view of a camera can be. Nevertheless, the accuracy obtained by using 6 cameras is acceptable to the standards prevalent today.References:
2) www.hawkeyeinnovations.co.uk
3) www.wikipedia.org
4) www.therulesofcricket.co.uk
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